晚清报人群体演进的历史考察

Historical Study of the Evolution of Newspapermen and Journalists Community in the Late Qing Dynasty

晚清四民社会结构发生转换,从传统士人阶层中分离出来的报人群体,既是社会演进的结果,又体现着社会变迁与融合的方向。考察其演进路径,就聚合而言,与上层社会的关系历经了从先赋性的亲缘、地缘、学缘等以情感为纽带的链接到后致性的业缘、趣缘、志缘等以行业、兴趣、志向为依归的认同;就地位而言,历经了从末路文人到报界闻人的身份蜕变,从社会边缘到“中等社会”的角色转换;就舆论而言,与上层社会的关系历经了从契合、疏离到对抗的过程。报人群体不同维度的演进路径是内因与外因、主观与客观、历史与现实多重因素相互作用的结果,不是偶然而是必然,历史进步趋向和路径依赖的双重交织与互相作用造就了近代历史上独特的报人群体。

In the lateQingDynasty,the social structure of the four occupations changed,and the newspaperman group separated from the traditional scholar class was the result of social evolution and reflected the direction of social change and integration. When it comes to the evolution path, in terms of aggregation, the relationship with the upper society has shifted from the initial affinity,geographical and academic ties linked by emotions to the later industrial, interest and ambition ties identified by industry, interest and ambition. In terms of status, it has switched from the late literati to the famous people in the press, from the social fringe to the“middle society”. As far as public opinion is concerned, the relationship with the upper class has undergone a process from compatibility, alienation to confrontation. The evolution path of different dimensions of newspaper community is the result of interaction between internal and external factors, subjective and objective factors, history and reality, which is not accidental but inevitable. The interaction of historical progress trend and path dependence has created a unique newspaper community in modern history.