新冠疫情中公共卫生监测伦理问题研究

Research on Ethical Issues of Public Health Surveillance in COVID-19

公共卫生监测作为我国疫情防控的重要手段,在此次突发重大传染病疫情中被广泛应用,取得了很好的疫情防控效果。但在实施过程中也暴露出隐私保护、知情同意、公众参与、污名化等伦理问题,通过对公共卫生监测的主要伦理问题进行分析,揭示其产生的原因,并提出解决伦理难题应该遵循的伦理原则及对策,包括在遵循效用原则、尊重原则、互助原则、不伤害原则等伦理学原则的基础上,进一步完善隐私保护及数据安全共享方案,保障监测主体的知情同意权,倡导与弘扬守望相助公民伦理精神,合法普及科学知识及强化公众教育等措施。

As an important means of epidemic prevention and control in China, public health surveillance has been widely used in the sudden outbreak of COVID-19, and achieved good results in epidemic prevention and control. However, ethical issues such as privacy protection, informed consent, public participation, and stigmatization have also been exposed during the implementation process. Through the analysis of the main ethical issues in public health surveillance, the paper reveals the reasons, and puts forward the ethical principles and countermeasures that should be followed to solve ethical problems, including following the principles of utility, respect, mutual assistance, and non-maleficence. It is also suggested to protect privacy and data security, protect the informed consent of surveillance subject, promote ethical spirits of mutual help, and strengthen public education.