企业雇主责任的性质与雇员保护

The Nature of Corporate Employer's Liability and Protection of Employees

“vicarious liability”是指“间接责任”而非“替代责任”,法律继受过程中的误译导致学界对雇主责任的性质认识模糊。在企业雇主责任中,雇主要为雇员的侵权行为承担责任,受害人也可以基于一般侵权条款或特殊侵权的规定请求雇员承担侵权责任。严格责任是企业雇主责任的发展趋势,这与企业雇主责任是自己责任并不矛盾。《民法典》规定的企业雇主责任应当解释为一种自己责任、危险责任。为了保护经济上处于弱势地位的雇员,除了肯定雇员对雇主享有逆求偿权外,还可以在企业雇主责任的框架下建构雇员外部责任豁免请求权制度,这体现了民法与劳动法的协同作用。

The term“vicarious liability”refers to“indirect liability”,and the mistranslation in the legal succession process has led to an ambiguous understanding of the nature of employers'liability in the academic community.In the case of employer's liability,the employer is liable for the tort of the employee,and the victim can also claim liability for the tort of the employee under the general tort provision or the special tort provisions.The fact that strict liability is the trend in corporate employers'liability does not contradict the fact that corporate employers’liability is their own liability.The liability of the corporate employer under the Civil Code should be interpreted as a form of own liability,liability for danger.In order to protect the economically disadvantaged employee,in addition to affirming the employee's right to adverse claims against the employer,a system of immunity from external liability claims for employees can be constructed within the framework of corporate employer liability,which reflects the synergy between civil law and labour law.