我国民事诉讼证明标准体系的再检讨

Reexamination of the Standard of Proof in Civil Procedure in China

最高人民法院通过司法解释,初步构建起了我国民事诉讼证明标准体系,实现了证明标准的层次化和多元化。但这一体系仍然较为粗糙,在规范层面存在若干不足之处,实践应用效果亦不理想。对民事诉讼证明标准规范的未来完善,应摒弃“排除合理怀疑”标准,明确特殊情形下证明标准的降低,同时丰富和细化证明标准体系的层次。在实践层面,应准确把握各证明标准的内涵,避免相互混淆;落实法官心证公开,强化证明标准适用上的说理;同时,应重视程序性事实证明标准的适用。此外,证明标准在民事诉讼立法中的缺位现象应尽快改变,以最终实现证明标准立法与司法解释的统一。

Through judicial interpretation,the Supreme People's court has preliminarily constructed the system of proof standards in civil litigation in China,and realized the stratification and diversification of proof standards.However,this system is still relatively rough;there are some deficiencies at the normative levels;the effect of the practical application is not ideal.For the future improvement of the standard of proof in civil litigation,we should abandon the standard of“excluding reasonable doubt”,clarify the reduction of the standard of proof in special circumstances,and enrich and refine the level of the standard system of proof.At the practical level,we should accurately grasp the connotation of each proof standard to avoid confusion;implement the openness of judges'evaluation of evidence and strengthen the reasoning in the application of proof standards;at the same time,we should pay attention to the application of procedural fact proof standard.In addition,in order to finally realize the unity of standard of proof legislation and judicial interpretation,the absence of standard of proof in civil procedure legislation should be changed as soon as possible.