三元层状MAX相固溶体研究进展

Research Progress of Layered Ternary MAX Phase Solid Solutions

MAX相是一类具有层状结构的三元碳化物或(和)氮化物,M是过渡金属元素,A主要是ⅢA~ⅤA族元素,X是C或N元素。这类化合物兼具陶瓷材料和金属材料的特点,具有优异的导电、导热、耐腐蚀以及抗氧化等性能,在诸多领域具有潜在应用价值。近年来,新元素、新结构和固溶体MAX相的不断出现,进一步扩展了MAX相家族。固溶体MAX相是将合适的元素固溶到已知MAX相中而得到的新MAX相。本文分四类总结了127种MAX相固溶体,对其结构改变和性能调控进行了概括,并指出目前研究存在的理论问题和亟须解决的关键技术,最后对MAX相固溶体的发展进行了预测和展望。

MAX phases are a group of layered ternary carbides and/or nitrides. M is an early transition metal, A is mainly an element in ⅢA, ⅣA and ⅤA groups, and X is C and/or N. These compounds have characteristics of both ceramics and metals, such as excellent conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and antioxidant properties. And they have potential applications in many fields. In recent years, many MAX phases with new elements, new structures and solid solutions appear and then enrich the family of MAX phases. The MAX phase solid solutions are obtained by adding elements into the crystal structures of MAX phases. 127 MAX phase solid solutions which can be divided into four types are summarized in this paper. The structural change and performance regulation of MAX phase solid solutions are analyzed, and the existed theoretical problems and the key technologies that need to be solved urgently are pointed out. Finally, the research directions and developing trends of MAX phase solid solutions are prospected.