可再生能源补贴在WTO下的冲突与例外研究

Study on Conflict and Exception of Renewable Energy Subsidies under WTO

为应对环境危机,多国就发展可再生能源产业采取了补贴措施。然而WTO有关可再生能源方面的争端频发反映出相关补贴与WTO规则的不一致。可再生能源补贴常违反国民待遇义务和SCM协定,而且被诉方援引环保例外和政府采购例外时通常难以满足适用前提。中国要发展绿色经济,同时作为可再生能源设备主要出口国,在制定国内可再生能源支持性政策时,应注意融入例外规则适用要件,及时清理不合规的地方补贴,并在面对进口国的补贴时利用相关WTO规则保护权益。

In response to the environmental crisis, many countries have adopted subsidy measures for the development of renewable energy industry. However, the frequent disputes over renewable energy in the WTO reflect the inconsistency between the relevant subsidies and WTO rules. Renewable energy subsidies often violate national treatment obligations and SCM agreements, and the environmental exception and government procurement exception are often invoked by defendants with difficulty in meeting the applicable premise. China wants to develop a green economy. At the same time, as a major exporter of renewable energy equipment, when formulating domestic renewable energy supportive policies, China should pay attention to incorporating the applicable elements of the exception rules,timely clean up the non-conforming local subsidies, and use relevant WTO rules to protect rights and interests in the face of subsidies from importing countries.