马皮滑雪传承与发展的文化生态学研究——新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰市的田野调查报告

Cultural Ecology Study on the Inheritance and Development of Horseskin Skiing——Field Investigation Report of Altay City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

文章运用田野调查法、文献资料法和质性研究的范式,对阿勒泰市马皮滑雪文化生态环境、变迁、传承、困境等问题进行了分析,并进一步探讨了马皮滑雪与现代双板滑雪之间的文化生态差异。研究结果表明:马皮滑雪正面临着游牧生计方式转型,现代滑雪对文化空间的冲击、社会人口的流动和老龄化造成传承人缺乏等发展困境。通过创建越野马皮滑雪文化品牌,构建具有游牧文化内涵的马皮滑雪纪念仪式,增加传承方式和扩大传承内容,建立“造血”的保护模式等路径,挖掘民间滑雪的时代价值,实现民间滑雪可持续发展的有效途径。

Using the methods of field investigation,documentation and adopting the paradigm of qualitative research,this paper analyses the ecological environment,changes,inheritance and predicament of horseskin skiing culture in Altay,and further explores the cultural and ecological differences between horseskin skiing and modern double-skiing. The results show that:horseskin skiing is facing the transformation of nomadic livelihoods,the impact of modern skiing on cultural space,the mobility of social population and aging,resulting in the lack of inheritors and other development dilemmas. By creating cross-country horseskin skiing cultural brand,constructing horseskin skiing memorial ceremony with nomadic cultural connotation,increasing inheritance mode and expanding inheritance content,and establishing "hematopoiesis" protection mode,we can excavate the value of folk skiing in the times and realize the effective way of sustainable development of folk skiing.