土壤改良措施对连作生姜土壤微生物群落及枯萎病防效的影响

The Effects of Soil Improvement Treatments on the Microbiota and Prevention of Fusarium Wilt in Successive Cropping Ginger

生姜枯萎病是重要的土传病害.为探索连作生姜枯萎病的防治技术,本研究以连作生姜土壤为研究对象,在连作土壤中添加油饼或碳酸氢铵进行土壤改良,然后将土壤样品进行土壤理化性质测定、微生物群落分析,并于翌年在处理土壤区域调查生姜枯萎病的发病情况和生姜产量.结果表明,与空白对照和碳酸氢铵处理相比,土壤中添加油饼处理后,每千克土壤中有机质从11.9 g升高到12.8 g,有效磷的含量从85.9 g升高至90.6 g, pH值从4.3升高到4.6,微生物群落多样性增加,细菌群落组成与有机质和pH值成正相关,真菌群落组成与pH值成正相关;翌年油饼处理后土壤的生姜枯萎病发病严重度降低至14.8,产量升高至35 100 kg/hm^(2).研究结果提示,使用有机质改良土壤能缓解连作生姜枯萎病.

Fusarium wilt of ginger is an important soil-borne disease. In order to explore the protection technology for control of Fusarium wilt in successive cropping ginger, oil cake or ammonium bicarbonate was applied to the soil of successive cropping ginger field. The physical and chemical properties and microbial communities of soil samples were tested. The disease severity and yield were investigated in next year. The treatment increased the soil organic matter from 11.9 g/kg to 12.8 g/kg, Olsen-P from 85.9 g/kg to 90.6 g/kg, pH value from 4.3 to 4.6. Meanwhile, it also increased the abundance of microbiota. Bacterial community composition was positively correlated with organic matter and pH value, while the composition of fungal community was positively correlated with pH of oil cake treated soil. The Fusarium wilt disease index decreased to 14.8 and the yield of ginger increased to 35, 100 kg/hm^(2). This study suggested that application of organic matter to improve soil could alleviate the Fusarium wilt in successive cropping ginger.