葡萄主产区干旱时空分布特征

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of drought in main grape production areas

以我国607个气象站1958—2019年逐日气象数据、葡萄生育期数据为基础,以作物水分亏缺指数(CWDI)作为干旱指标,明确研究区域内葡萄干旱空间分布特征及其时间变化趋势。结果表明:60年来,我国葡萄主产区不同生育阶段各干旱等级发生范围在新梢生长~开花坐果期和开花坐果~浆果成熟期,重旱和特旱呈下降趋势,轻旱和中旱呈上升趋势,但在浆果成熟~落叶期阶段,重旱呈上升趋势,特旱发生范围最大,发生频率达到65%~94%;葡萄主产区在不同生育阶段各干旱等级发生频率、平均强度以及干旱等级的空间分布基本符合北高南低的特征,高值区基本集中在西北产区和东北中北部产区,低值区主要集中在南方产区,而在浆果成熟~落叶期阶段发生频率则呈北低南高的空间分布特征,各等级干旱风险整体偏高,其中特旱地区发生频率介于61%~100%,轻旱、中旱以及重旱发生频率低的区域主要分布在西北产区及东北中北部产区,其发生频率小于30%。

Based on the daily meteorological data of 607 meteorological stations in China from 1958 to 2019 and the data of grape growth period,the spatial distribution characteristics and temporal variation trend of grape drought in the study areas were determined with crop water deficit index as drought index.The results showed that the occurrence range of drought grades at different growth stages in the main grape production areas of China during the past 60 years had a downward trend in the growth stage of new shoots flowering and fruit setting,flowering and fruit setting berry mature stage,and a downward trend in the light drought and moderate drought,but a downward trend in the growth stage of berry mature and defoliation,and an upward trend in the heavy drought occurred at 65%~94%.The spatial distribution characteristics of drought frequency,average intensity,and drought grade in different growth stages of main grape producing areas basically conformed to the characteristics of high in the north and low in the south.The high value areas were mainly concentrated in the northwest area and north-central northeast area,and the low value areas were mainly concentrated in the southern area.The occurrence frequency of berry in mature leaves period was low in the north and high in the south,and the risk of drought in all grades was relatively high.The occurrence frequency of drought was high in almost all regions,fluctuating between 61%and 100%.The occurrence frequency of light drought,medium drought and heavy drought was mainly distributed in the northwest area and north-central northeast area,and the occurrence frequency was less than 30%.