丘陵山地藜麦联合收割机设计与试验

Design and test of quinoa combine harvesterin hilly and mountainous areas

我国藜麦多种植于高海拔、丘陵山区,种植地块小、坡度大、道路狭窄,为降低普通稻麦联合收割机收割藜麦损失大、含杂高、喂入不畅等问题,本研究针对藜麦种植农艺和茎秆特性设计了一种丘陵山地藜麦联合收割机。该机采用小行距扩口链齿喂入装置,配合下割刀、纹杆与杆齿组合式纵轴流脱粒滚筒、组合式分离凹板、双层往复式振动筛等装置,实现藜麦顺畅喂入、脱粒与分离、清选作业,对关键部件进行设计仿真,并进行田间试验。仿真结果表明:藜麦分禾喂入过程分禾角度较小,不会产生茎秆折损。试验结果表明:藜麦籽粒含水率14%、茎秆含水率为26%时,脱净率96.83%、含杂率4.30%、破损率0.15%、割台损失率1.54%、夹带损失率0.92%、清选损失率0.52%、总损失率2.98%。作业期间整机运行平稳,满足藜麦机械化收获要求与作业指标,可以作为丘陵山地藜麦联合收割机使用。本文可为藜麦联合收割机设计与试验提供一定参考。

Many kinds of quinoa are planted in high altitude and hilly mountainous areas in China with small planting plots,large slopes,and narrow roads.To reduce the problems of large loss,high impurity content and poor feeding of quinoa harvested by ordinary rice wheat combine harvester,this study focused on quinoa planting agronomy and stem characteristics with a new design of hilly and mountainous quinoa combine harvester.The machine used a small row spacing flared chain tooth feeding device,lower cutter,combined longitudinal axial flow threshing drum of corrugated rod and rod tooth,combined separation concave plate,double layer reciprocating vibrating screen and other devices to realize the smooth feeding,threshing,separation and cleaning of quinoa.The key components were designed and simulated,and a field experiment was carried out.The simulation results showed that the feeding angle of quinoa was small,the stalk was damaged.The results showed that when the moisture content of quinoa grain was 14%,the moisture content of stem was 26%,the threshing rate was 96.83%,the impurity rate was 4.30%,the damage rate was 0.15%,the header loss rate was 1.54%,the entrainment loss rate was 0.92%,the cleaning loss rate was 0.52%,and the total loss rate was 2.98%.During the operation,the whole machine ran smoothly and met the requirements and operation indexes of quinoa mechanized harvest.Therefore,it could be used as the quinoa combine harvester in hilly and mountainous areas.This study provides some reference for design and test of quinoa combine harvester.