17份山药种质资源在闽北地区的适应性评价

Adaptability Evaluation of 17 Germplasm Resources of Chinese Yam in Northern Fujian

为筛选出适宜在闽北地区种植的优质山药种质资源,2020年从全国引进17份优质山药种质资源开展对比试验,综合考察各种质资源的农艺性状、产量及品质。结果表明:马铺3号和马铺1号产量分别为50370.4 kg·hm^(-2)和41700.0 kg·hm^(-2),具有高产、条形顺直、易去皮加工的特点;闽糯山药2号和闽糯山药3号产量分别为41381.5 kg·hm^(-2)和31655.6 kg·hm^(-2),肉质白,糯性极强,口感好;安远紫山药出苗早、早熟早应市,且尿囊素含量在供试种质资源中最高。连城红皮1号可溶性糖含量最低,适合低糖饮食人群;明溪土薯为长圆柱形,肉色雪白,肉质紧密,口感好,适合鲜食或烘干加工;屏南绵薯口感绵软细腻,可用于婴儿辅食及其产品加工等。综上,马铺3号和马铺1号可作为鲜食或加工专用品种推广试种;闽糯山药2号和闽糯山药3号可作为特色糯性山药推广试种;安远紫山药可作为特色紫山药推广试种;连城红皮1号、明溪土薯、屏南绵薯等3份山药可小面积推广试种。

In order to screen out the germplasm resources of Chinese yam with high quality which were suitable for being planted in northern Fujian,17 germplasm resources of Chinese yam with high quality were introduced from all over the country in 2020 for the comparative experiment,and the agronomic traits,yield and quality of various germplasm resources were comprehensively investigated.The results showed that the yields of Mapu No.3 and Mapu No.1 were 50370.4 kg·hm^(-2)and 41700.0 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,which had the characteristics of high yield,straight strips and easy peeling.The yield of Minnuo Yam No.2 and Minnuo Yam No.3 were 41381.5 kg·hm^(-2)and 31655.6 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,with white meat,strong waxy property and good taste.Anyuan purple yam had early seedling emergence and early maturity,which had the highest ureidohydantoin content among the test germplasm resources.Liancheng Hongpi No.1 had the lowest soluble sugar content,which was suitable for people with low-sugar diets.Mingxi local yam was long cylindrical,white,compact meat quality and good taste,which was suitable for cooking or drying processing.Pingnan soft yam tasted soft and glutinous,which could be used as the baby complementary food and product processing.In summary,Mapu No.3 and Mapu No.1 could be used as the fresh food or the special varieties for processing to promote the trial planting;Minnuo yam No.2 and Minnuo yam No.3 could be used as the characteristic waxy yam to promote the trial planting;Anyuan purple yam could be used as a characteristic purple yam variety to promote the trial planting;Liancheng Hongpi No.1,Mingxi local yam,and Pingnan soft yam could be experimentally planted in the small area as the characteristic germplasm resources.