WTO透明度原则与中国农业领域的遵约实践

WTO Transparency Principle and China’s Agricultural Compliance Practices

透明度原则如何能够促进国家遵约行为?传统解释缺乏对经贸领域国家遵约行为的研究,且过度依赖后果选择机制,侧重于将国家作为自变量,而忽略了国际制度对国家遵约行为的促进作用。本文在借鉴既有研究成果的基础上,尝试分析透明度原则促进国家遵约行为的作用机制。透明度原则为国家遵约行为奠定了道德基础,在此基础上,透明度原则通过两项具体的作用机制有效促进国家遵约行为:通过设立透明度规范,为国家遵约行为提供行为标准;通过建立监查机制,为国家遵约行为提供制度保障。WTO透明度原则通过设立透明度规范以及建立监查机制约束成员方的遵约行为,《农业协定》规定了成员方在农业领域的遵约行为要求,WTO Plus则规定中国需承担超出其他成员方的透明度义务。通过观察中国自加入WTO以来在农业领域的遵约实践,基本可以验证本文的理论假设。

How can the transparency principle promote national compliance?Traditional interpretation lacks the research on national compliance in the economic and trade field,and relies too much on the conse⁃quence selection mechanism,focusing on countries as independent variables,and ignoring the effect of the international system on national compliance.Based on the findings of the existing research,this paper tries to analyze the mechanism of the transparency principle to promote national compliance.The principle of transparency lays the moral foundation for national compliance.On this basis,the principle of transparency effectively promotes national compliance through two specific mechanisms of action:providing behavioral standards for national compliance norms,and providing institutional guarantee for national compliance through the establishment of supervision mechanism.The WTO transparency principle restricts members’compliance by establishing transparency norms and monitoring mechanisms.The Agricultural Agreement stipulates members’compliance requirements in the agricultural field,while the WTO Plus stipulates that China assumes transparency obligations beyond other members.By observing the compliance practices in the agricultural field of China since joining the WTO,the theoretical hypothesis of this paper can be basically verified.