新生儿Fc受体免疫学功能及研究进展

Immunological function and research progress of neonatal Fc receptor

新生儿Fc受体(FcRn)是极少数已知的能够将免疫球蛋白从腔膜和肺转运到肠屏障的受体分子之一。FcRn能够通过哺乳动物母体胎盘及新生儿肠壁将IgG转运给胎儿,赋予新生儿被动免疫。此外,FcRn还具有重要的免疫调节功能,不仅能通过保护IgG及白蛋白不被降解调节血清中免疫球蛋白稳态,还能够促进IgG抗原抗体复合物(IgG IC)形成进而影响抗原递呈过程。FcRn在免疫应答过程中的重要作用已受到广泛关注。本文就FcRn结构及其介导抗原呈递和保护免疫球蛋白等进行深入阐述,并对FcRn介导药物传递的研究和应用进行介绍与展望。

Neonatal Fc receptor(FcRn)is a receptor which can transport immunoglobulin from lumen and lung to intestinal epithelial barrier.FcRn mediates passive transport of IgG through placenta of mammalian mother to intestinal wall of newborn giving newborn passive immunity.In addition,FcRn regulates immunoglobulin homeostasis in serum by protecting IgG and albumin from degradation,plays a key role in promoting formation of antigen antibody complexes which further influence antigen presentation capabilities.In this review,structure of FcRn and its mediating antigen presentation besides protective immunoglobulin are discussed in detail,as well as research about application of FcRn mediating drug delivery are introduced and prospected.