保护地旗舰物种栖息地与社区生计空间关系识别的适宜性评价方法

Suitability Evaluation Method for Identifying the Spatial Relationship between Flagship Species’Habitats and Local Communities’Livelihood Spaces in Protected Areas

科学识别保护物种栖息地与社区生计的空间关系及格局特征,是制定国家公园和自然保护地规划,减少野生动物与人冲突的基础,是实现人与自然和谐共生的重要支撑。以高原湿地旗舰物种黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)及保护地社区系统为研究对象,选择黑颈鹤重要的越冬地——云南大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区为案例区,采用适宜性评价方法,结合MaxEnt模型和多种空间分析技术,辨识和评价了黑颈鹤栖息与当地社区生计空间的适宜性,基于二者的适宜性评价结果运用空间自相关和椭圆标准差法,分析黑颈鹤栖息地保护空间与社区生计空间的热点区域和分布方向特征。研究发现,黑颈鹤保护与社区生计存在冲突、共生与共存的多种空间作用关系,并具有动态变化特征;不同功能空间适宜性热点区虽然存在部分重叠,但具备错位发展潜力。研究结果为科学制定国家公园和自然保护地规划及管控对策,实现保护物种与社区协调发展提供了科学支撑。

The scientific identification of the spatial relationship and pattern characteristics of protected species habitats and community livelihood spaces is the basis for making scientific planning,reducing human-wildlife conflicts,and realizing the harmonious coexistence between human and nature.The study focused on the flagship species of the plateau wetland,Black-necked Crane(Grus nigricollis)and the local human communities in protected areas,and took an important wintering habitat–Dashanbao Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province–as an example.The suitability evaluation method with MaxEnt model and multiply spatial analysis was used to identify and evaluate the suitability of Black-necked Crane habitat and local community livelihood space.Based on the results of suitability evaluation,the spatial autocorrelation and elliptic standard deviation analysis were used to analyze hot spots and distribution direction of Black-necked Crane habitat and local community livelihood space.The results showed that multiple spatial relationships of conflict,symbiosis and coexistence between Black-necked Crane conservation and human community livelihood had been found with dynamic feature.Besides,the hot spots of different functional space suitability overlapped,which indicated the potential of forming dislocation development.This study provides scientific support for implementing scientific-based planning and functional dislocation strategies,and balancing protected species habitat conservation and community development.