承诺言语行为“请你VP”的使用条件及修辞解释

The Condition and Rhetorical Explanation of the Speech Act of Promise Qingni VP

“请你VP”句式中蕴含着承诺和指令两种言语行为,这两种言语行为可以通过使用条件--行为的“索取”和“给予”进行区分。承诺言语行为“请你VP”在使用条件和修辞解释上有其独特之处:在使用承诺言语行为“请你VP”时,我们必须遵循命题内容条件、准备条件、诚意条件等九条具体使用条件,以上使用条件在语用层面上对“请你VP”句式产生积极影响,即通过九条使用条件可以很好地解释“VP”部分已出现的话语,但缺点在于不能对“VP”部分未出现的话语作出很好的解释。结合修辞中的转喻现象,能对“VP”中未出现的话语作出很好的解释,未能出现在“VP”部分的话语不能保证承诺行为的完整性和延伸性行为的丰满性,不符合社会文化习惯需要,因此不能应用于承诺言语行为“请你VP”句式中。

The sentence pattern of Qingni VPcontains two kinds of speech acts: promise and instruction,which can be distinguished by the conditions of use: taking and giving. The commitment speech actQingni VPhas its unique features in terms of conditions of use and rhetorical interpretation. When using the commitment speech act Qingni VP, we must follow nine specific conditions of use, such as propositional content condition, preparation condition and sincerity condition. The above conditions have a positive influence on the sentence pattern ofQingni VPat the pragmatic level, the discourse ofVPcan be well explained through the nine conditions. However, the disadvantage is that it cannot explain the utterances that are not present inVP well.Combined with metonymy in rhetoric, the utterances that do not appear inVPcan be well explained. The utterances that do not appear inVPcannot guarantee the integrity of the commitment act and the fullness of the extension act, and do not meet the needs of social and cultural habits, so they cannot be applied in the sentence pattern ofQingni VPin commitment speech act.