儒家视角下人工智能发展的伦理困境及对策研究

A Study on the Ethical Dilemma and Countermeasures of the Development of Artificial Intelligence from the Confucian Perspective

人工智能的深入发展给人们带来了便利,也造成一些伦理上的隐忧。随着智能机器逐渐拥有人所具备的智能和情感等能力,机器和人之间的区分变得越来越小。就儒家的视角而言,一旦智能机器发展出了独立的自主意识,就与作为道德主体的人毫无分别,这对儒家而言是个巨大的挑战,也是人工智能发展中最大的伦理困境。这种困境首先主要表现在智能机器所构建的社会化生产生活模式会将人禁锢在机器的运作之上,人具有被“器化”的风险;其次,智能机器所产生的情感是一种被设定的程序命令,是一种虚假的情感关系,会造成人对机器情感的依赖。造成这样的困境主要有两个方面的原因:一是智能技术并非毫无价值立场,其背后的人工智能范式会弱化儒家的价值次序,挑战人的主体地位;二是智能技术对人的理解是一种数据化和模型化的,和儒家对人的道德性理解有很大的差别。对此,我们一方面要划定人工智能的发展范围,对其领域进行相关的礼法规定,另一方面要注重培养智能技术的主体--人的道德责任感,使其肩负起对人类和整个社会的责任。

The in-depth development of artificial intelligence has not only brought convenience to people,but also caused some ethical concerns.As intelligent machines gradually acquire abilities such as intelligence and emotion that humans possess,the distinction between machines and people becomes smaller and smaller.From the Confucian point of view,once the intelligent machine develops an independent autonomous consciousness,there is no difference between it and the person as a moral subject,which is a huge challenge for Confucianism and the biggest ethical dilemma in the development of artificial intelligence.This dilemma is mainly manifested in the social production and life model built by intelligent machines,which will imprison people on the operation of machines,and people have the risk of being instrumented;Secondly,the emotion generated by the intelligent machine is a programmed command,which is a false emotional relationship,which will cause people to rely on the machine’s emotions.There are two main reasons for this dilemma:First,intelligent technology is not a tool with a valueless position,and the artificial intelligence paradigm behind it will weaken the value order of Confucianism and challenge the subject status of people;Second,the understanding of people by intelligent technology is a kind of data and model,which is very different from the Confucian understanding of human morality.In this regard,on the one hand,we must delineate the scope of development of artificial intelligence and carry out relevant etiquette provisions in its field,on the other hand,we must cultivate and inspire practitioners to have a certain degree of moral subjectivity,so that they can shoulder their responsibilities to human beings and the whole society.