论全球贫困问题及其制度正义维度

Analysis of Global Poverty and Institutional Justice

全球贫困问题具有伦理学内涵,因为对贫困人口的需求作出回应是一项道德责任。关于此,存在着两种有影响但又有区别的观点。第一种观点来自彼得·辛格,辛格认为富裕国家对贫困国家的绝对贫困人口具有援助义务,但他没有探讨全球贫困的原因,这削弱了其理论的说服力。第二种观点来自涛慕思·博格,博格认为当前西方国家主导的全球制度伤害了全球穷人,基于正义的义务,西方富裕国家要补偿贫困国家。一般意义上而言,正义的义务比人道主义的义务更具道德优先性。这也意味着,要想真正地解决全球贫困问题,必须改革不正义的全球制度,从制度正义中寻求良方。这种制度正义要求改革不正义的全球制度、改革贫困国家不正义的社会制度以及消灭资本主义制度。

Global poverty has ethicali mplications,due to responding to the needs of the poori s a moral imperat ive.There are two influential but different views on this.The first comes from Peter Singer,whoargues that rich countries have an obligation to aid the absolute poor in poor countries,but Sin ger’s failure to explore the causes of global poverty undermines his theory.The second view comesfrom Thomas Pogge who believes that the current Western-led global system harms the global poor,andthat the ich countries in the West should compensate the poor countries based on the obligationof rjustice.In a general sense,the duty of justice has more moral priority than the duty of humanism. It also means that to tackle global poverty seriously,we must reform unjust global institutionsand seek remedies fromi nstitutional justice.Thisi nstitutional justice requires the reform of unjust global institutions,the reform of unjust social institutions in poor countries,and the elimination of the capitalist system.