干细胞治疗呼吸系统疾病的机制及应用研究进展

Stem cell therapy in respiratory diseases

呼吸系统疾病是人类最常见的疾病之一,在当今世界中其疾病负担居第三位,已成为我国最突出的公共卫生问题与医疗问题之一。呼吸系统疾病是由许多化学、物理及生物等原因导致的肺部损伤,主要表现为炎症细胞浸润、细胞因子释放、上皮细胞受损以及气道重塑和肺组织纤维化,最终导致肺组织结构破坏。目前对于这些慢性肺部疾病可行和有效的临床治疗策略是有限的,主要以改善患者临床症状和提高生活质量为主。研究发现干细胞可以分化成多种细胞类型,它具有免疫调节、改善微环境作用,还可以产生大量有益的细胞因子和生长因子,分泌的外泌体有利于组织修复。在肺部分布着不同类型的干细胞,大部分肺部的干细胞类型均可重新进入细胞周期并表现出一定程度的增殖活性以促进损伤修复及屏障重建,能再生肺实质和气道结构、修复损伤肺组织和恢复正常肺功能。因此干细胞疗法可作为一种新的重要辅助手段,为呼吸系统疾病的治疗提供新思路。本文对肺干细胞的分类、功能、作用机制以及干细胞在治疗呼吸系统疾病中的应用作一综述,希望为呼吸系统疾病的治疗带来新的思考与靶点。

Respiratory diseases,as one of the most common human diseases,have been the third most common disease burden in recent world,in China,it have became one of the most salient problem of public medical and health.Respiratory disease is one of the most common diseases in human beings,and its disease burden ranks the third in the world today.It has become one of the most prominent public health and medical problems in China.Respiratory diseases are lung injury caused by many chemical,physical,biological,mainly characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration,cytokine release,epithelial damage,airway remodeling and lung fibrosis,eventually leading to the destruction of lung structure.At present,the feasible and efficacy treatment strategies for chronic lung diseases is limited,focusing on the effect for the clinical symptoms and improvement of the quality-of-life of patients.Studies have shown that stem cells can be stratification by variety of cell types,with actions of regulate immunity and microenvironment improvement,and produceing a large number of beneficial cytokines and growth factors,its exosomes conducive to tissue repair.Most types of stem cells distributed in the lung can re-enter the cell cycle,showing a certain proliferation activity to promote damage repair and barrier reconstruction,regenerate lung parenchyma and airway structure,repair lung injury and restore normal lung function.Therefore,stem cell therapy as a new and important auxiliary means provide new ideas for respiratory diseases.This article reviews the classification,function,mechanism,and application of stem cells in the treatment of respiratory diseases,hoping to bring new thinking and targets for it.