中国低收入家庭支持政策体系:历史嬗变、制度现状与改革取向

Support Policy System for Low-income Households in China: Historical Evolution, Present Situation, Reform Direction

中国低收入家庭支持政策散见于社会救助、社会福利等制度之中,尚待形成完整、清晰、独立的政策体系。政策执行中存在的衔接不畅、交叉反复、资源浪费等问题,制约了中国低收入家庭支持政策体系的整体效能。在考察新中国成立以来主要低收入家庭支持政策发展历程的基础上,系统性地勾勒低收入家庭支持政策体系框架,发现中国低收入家庭支持政策体系面临制度框架不完善、治理能力不足、保障水平不平衡不充分三大困境。推动低收入家庭支持政策体系高质量发展是回应上述困境的重要抓手,重点应从治理主体、保障客体、价值导向、治理机制和保障水平“五位一体”推进低收入家庭支持政策体系高质量发展。

At present, support policies for China’s low-income households are scattered in social assistance, social welfare and other systems, which have not yet formed a complete and independent policy system.In this case, problems in policy implementation such as poor connection, overlapping and resource waste restrict the security capacity of policy for low-income households in China.Based on examining the development history of major support policies for low-income households since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, this paper proposes a systematic analytical framework of support policy system for low-income households, and finds that the support policy system for low-income households in China has three major predicaments including imperfect institutional framework, insufficient governance capacity, and unbalanced insufficient benefit level.Promoting the high-quality development of support policy system for low-income households system is an important way to respond to the above dilemma.The focus should be on "five in one" of governance subject, security object, value orientation, governance mechanism and security level to promote the high-quality development of support policy system for low-income households.