平台经济从业人员的社会保障:国际经验及启示

The Social Security of Platform Economy Workers: International Experiences and Implications

近年来,平台经济发展迅速,但相关从业人员尚缺乏有效的社会保障,平台经济工作的三方性、临时性与自主性特征使得构建覆盖该类从业人员的社会保障体系具有一定的复杂性。对此,目前国际上有三种较为通行的做法:一是扩大雇佣关系的范围,明确雇佣关系性质,将现有劳动法律法规应用于平台经济工作;二是通过适应性机制确保社会保障制度能够覆盖到所有国民,将现有法规的应用与雇佣关系的概念脱钩;三是为平台经济从业人员提供特定的社会保障。基于这些经验,建议我国从扩大社会保障覆盖范围、利用数字化技术简化缴纳社会保险费的行政程序、强化平台企业社会责任等方面完善社会保障体系,加强平台经济从业人员的权益保障。

In recent years, platform economy has developed rapidly, but relevant workers lack effective social security.The tripartite, temporary and autonomous characteristics of platform economy work makes it complicated to build a social security system covering such workers.In this regard, there are currently three popular practices in the world.First, expand the scope of employment relationship, clarify the nature of employment relationship, and apply the existing labor laws and regulations to the platform economy work.Second, ensure that the social security system can cover all citizens through adaptive mechanisms, and decouple the application of existing regulations from the concept of employment relations;Third, provide specific social security for platform economy workers.Based on these experiences, it is suggested that China should improve the social security system and strengthen the protection of rights and interests of platform economy workers by expanding the coverage of social security, simplifying the administrative procedure for paying social insurance premiums with digital technology, strengthening social responsibility of platform enterprise.