不同产量下天麻根际土壤微生物多样性分析

Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Gastrodia elata with Different Yields

目的:分析不同产量下天麻根际微生物的多样性,探讨土壤微生物对天麻产量的影响。方法:该试验采用16S DNA和内转录间隔区(ITS)序列高通量测序对天麻根际土壤中高产土样(GC)和低产土样(DC)下的细菌和真菌群落多样性进行分析。结果:天麻根际土壤中细菌占主导地位的有变形杆菌门Proteobacteria、厚壁菌门Firmicutes和其他不明细菌unidentified Bacteria,真菌占主导的为子囊菌门Ascomycota、担子菌门Basidiomycota、被孢霉门Mortierellomycota;高产和低产天麻根际土壤中微生物群落丰度没有差异,仅在群落组成上存在显著差异,高产天麻根际土壤中慢生根瘤菌Bradyrhizobium、施氏乳酸杆菌属Schleiferilactobacillus、古根菌属Archaeorhizomyces等38属微生物大量聚集,低产天麻根际土壤中则镰刀菌属Fusarium、鬼伞属Coprinellus、氨氧化古菌属Nitrosotalea等30属微生物大量聚集;在属和种的水平上,发现6个差异物种,绒紫红菇Russula mariae、古根菌属Archeaeorhizomyces、土赤壳属Ilyonectria偏向集中于高产天麻根际土壤中,氨氧化古菌属Nitrosotalea、簇生鬼伞Coprinellus disserminatus、镰刀菌属Fusarium则偏向集中于低产天麻根际土壤中。结论:在不同产量下,天麻根际土壤中的真菌群落和细菌群落中均存在差异微生物,推测这些微生物与天麻产量高低有关,研究结果可为后续天麻的高产研究提供重要的理论基础。

Objective:To analyze the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere soil of Gastrodia elata with different yields and explore the influence of soil microorganisms on the yield of G.elata.Method:The experiment adopted the 16S DNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing technologies to study the diversity of the bacterial and fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of G.elata with high yield(GC)and low yield(DC).Result:Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and other unidentified Bacteria were dominant in the rhizosphere soil of G.elata.The dominant rhizosphere fungi were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota.There was no significant difference in microbial community abundance in the high-yield and low-yield rhizosphere soil of G.elata,but there was a significant difference in species composition.Thirty-eight microbes such as Bradyrhizobium,Schleiferilactobacillus,and Archaeorhizomyces were gathered in large numbers in the highyield rhizosphere soil,and thirty microbes such as Fusarium,Coprinellus,and Nitrosotalea were gathered in large numbers in the low-yield rhizosphere soil.At the level of genus and species,there were six different species in the high-yield and low-yield rhizosphere soil of G.elata,among which Russula mariae,Archeaeorhizomyces,and Ilyonectria were gathered in the high-yield rhizosphere soil of G.elata,while Nitrosotalea,Coprinellus disserminatus,and Fusarium were gathered in the low-yield rhizosphere soil of G.elata.Conclusion:There are different microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil of G.elata with different yields,and it is speculated that these microorganisms are related to the yields of G.elata.The research results are expected to provide a vital theoretical basis for the follow-up study of the high yield of G.elata.