新型准零刚度非线性悬置座椅特性分析与参数匹配

Characteristics Analysis and Parameters Matching of a Novel Seat withQuasi-zero-stiffness Nonlinear Suspension

为有效解决车辆传统线性座椅振动舒适性差、非线性座椅成本高且可靠性差的问题,提出了一种基于连杆-剪式隔振机构的新型非线性悬置座椅。利用准零刚度理论建立座椅数学模型,探明座椅可变承载特性、低频隔振特性及其影响规律和关键参数可行设计域,进而提出悬置刚度解析匹配方法和建立减振器非线性阻尼匹配数学模型。通过样机试验对比,验证所建模型和所提方法的正确性及座椅能效。结果表明,新型座椅振动舒适性比传统线性座椅提高了35%且与传统非线性座椅相当;新型座椅成本是传统非线性座椅的一半,且失效条件下舒适性比传统非线性座椅提高14%以上。

To effectively solve the problems of poor comfort of linear seats and high cost and poor reliability of nonlinear seats,a new nonlinear suspension seat was proposed based on the link-scissor mechanism.The model was established by using the quasi-zero-stiffness theory.The variable bearing characteristics,low-frequency vibration isolation characteristics,their influence laws and the feasible design domain of the key parameters were revealed.Then,the analytical matching method of the spring stiffness and the nonlinear damping matching model of damper were proposed.The correctness of the method and the vibration isolation capability were verified by the prototype tests comparison.The results show that the comfort of the new seat is 35%higher than that of the traditional linear seat and is equivalent to that of the traditional nonlinear seats.Moreover,the cost is half lower than that of the traditional nonlinear seats,and the comfort under the failure conditions is more than 14%higher than that of the traditional nonlinear seats.