空间再造与秩序重构:农村互助养老的运行逻辑与生成机理——基于上海市奉贤区“四堂间”的经验观察

Spatial and Structural Reconstruction Embodied in the Operation Logic and Generative Mechanism of the Rural Mutual-aid for Aged Care:The Experience of the“Four-hall Model”in Fengxian District of Shanghai

在当前的中国农村社会,家庭养老和社会养老逐渐呈现割裂式发展,两种模式之间缺乏互动平台,农村养老面临养老空间挤压和秩序失衡等问题,互助养老成为农村社区积极应对老龄化的一种新策略。上海市奉贤区通过再造养老空间重构农村养老服务格局,建构了一种新的互助养老样板。空间依托、养老文化和现实需求是互助养老运行的逻辑要素。农村互助养老通过一种自下而上的村庄自主供给和自上而下的政府制度安排的结合,形成了多元主体合作共治;通过依托在地化的组织环境、凝聚共同化的合作行动、建构生活化的场景体验,互助养老实现了以家庭为单一主体的家庭养老到个体、家庭、社区、社会组织和政府等多元主体参与的互助共养的秩序转变。

In the current rural society of China,family support and social support for aged care have gradually developed separately,because there is no interactive medium between the two models.The aged care in the countryside is faced with the problems that the social space for the aged is squeezed and its structure is not well balanced.In this case,mutual aid for aged care has become a new strategy for rural communities to actively cope with aging problems.A new mutual-aid model for aged care has developed in Fengxian District of Shanghai,which is operated by rebuilding the aged-care space and reconstructing the framework of rural aged care.Spatial support,aged-care culture and actual demands of the aged are the logical elements for the mutual-aid aged-care model to operate efficiently.Through a combination of the village-based bottom-up independent supply and the government-guided top-down institutional arrangement,a multi-subject cooperative governance mechanism has formed in the practice of the rural mutual-aid aged care.By relying on the local organizational environment,integrating cooperative actions,and constructing the primal-scene experience of daily life,this mutual-aid model for aged care has realized the structural transformation from the family as a single caregiver to the mutual assistance and co-care with the participation of multiple subjects involving individuals,families,rural communities,non-profit organizations,and governments.