美国“印太战略”背景下印度对“21世纪海上丝绸之路”倡议的认知、举措和影响

India’s Perception,Actions and Impacts on the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative in the Context of the U.S.Indo-Pacific Strategy

在中国“21世纪海上丝绸之路”倡议提出之初,印度就对其形成了基本认知,即在客观上承认“21世纪海上丝绸之路”经贸和人文属性的同时,担忧其对印度周边安全环境构成冲击并对印度未来地区影响力的拓展造成阻碍。随着美国“印太战略”的出台与持续推进,印度试图抓住美国“拉印制华”的契机以争取改变中印之间力量不对称的现状。于是,在应对“21世纪海上丝绸之路”倡议时,印度采取了更为强硬的举措,包括与美国加强战略与安全协作、与日本在战略经济方面携手共建、持续深化与东盟的全方位合作、争取印度洋地区的主导地位等。印度的系列举措将不可避免地产生冲击和影响,如阻滞中国在南亚地区基础设施的建设进度、对中印脆弱的战略互信基础造成伤害、恶化中国周边地区的安全环境等。如何应对这一态势并改善中印关系是中国现阶段亟待解决的问题。

When China’s 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative was first proposed,India had a basic understanding of it.India admitted objectively its commercial and cultural attributes,while worrying about its impact on India’s peripheral security and the expansion of India’s regional influence in the future.With the introduction and continuous advancement of the Indo-Pacific Strategy of the United States,India tries to seize the opportunity of counterbalancing China by the U.S.with the assistance of India to change the status quo of power asymmetry between China and India.Therefore,in response to the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative,India has taken stronger actions,including strengthening strategic and security cooperation with the United States,tightening connection with Japan in strategic economy,continuously deepening all-round cooperation with ASEAN countries,and striving for the dominant position in the Indian Ocean region.India’s actions will inevitably produce impacts,such as delaying the schedule of China’s infrastructure construction in South Asia,damaging the fragile foundation of the strategic mutual trust between China and India,and deteriorating China’s peripheral security.How to deal with this situation and improve Sino-Indian relations becomes an urgent issue for China to solve at the present stage.