人参败毒散在古代疫病防治中的运用

Applications of Renshen Baidu Powder on prevention and treatment in ancient epidemic diseases

人参败毒散作为治疫方始载于宋代医籍。在宋以后的古代医学文献、地方志及多种文史著作中,不但载有人参败毒散治疗大疫的验案十余则,还记载了医家们不同的理性认识,或认为可通用于瘟疫治疗,或认为应辨病因病性论治,或主张运用于疫病初起,或认为适于虚人染疫,或根据辨病用方,认为可用于疫痢、大头瘟、痘疹、麻疹、狂犬病等疫病,或主张辨病与辨证相结合。古代医家们对人参败毒散防治疫病的探索,形成了古代抗疫理论的学术争鸣,展现了古代多元化的方剂应用思路,以及中医抗疫的丰富经验和独具特点的理论体系。

Renshen Baidu Powder as a remedy for epidemic diseases was first published in the Song dynasty medical literature.In the subsequent ancient medical literature,local chronicles,various literary and historical works,there were not only more than ten compelling cases of Renshen Baidu Powder in treating large-scale epidemics,but also multiple rational understandings of physicians about its use.For instance,they believed this prescription could be commonly used in the treatment of pestilences,or it was considered that the cause and nature of diseases should be differentiated for treatment,or it was recommended to be applied to the beginning of plagues,or it was considered to be suitable for people who are weak and infected with epidemics.Alternatively,doctors used the prescription based on disease differentiation,which could be used for epidemic diseases such as dysentery,fever with swollen head,variola,measles,rabies,and so on.Furthermore,they used it based on the combination of disease differentiation and syndrome differentiation.The exploration of ancient physicians on the applications of Renshen Baidu Powder on prevention and treatment in epidemic diseases formed the academic contention in anti-epidemic theories at that time.It reflects the diversified ideas of ancient prescription application,as well as the rich experience and unique theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine in combating epidemics.