从飞鸟、奈良、平安时代医药状况论鉴真东渡

Disscussion on monk Jianzhen’s eastward journey based on the medical status during Asuka,Nara and Heian periods

文章通过分析日本飞鸟、奈良、平安时代医药的发展状况,看出鉴真东渡前日本的飞鸟时代,是蒙昧的祭祀神灵的神话医药时代;奈良时期与中国交流密切,进而由遣隋使、遣唐使直接到中国隋唐学习交流。但日本国内朝纲混乱,对医药认识依然不足,在日本国最困难时期,精通佛教戒律和医药技术的鉴真大师东渡,可谓对当时日本国家的稳定和医药发展是雪中送炭。鉴真在日本期间,将自身拥有的当时先进的隋唐医药技术毫无保留地传授给了日本,使当时的日本医疗水平突飞猛进。即使在鉴真逝世后,到了平安时代,日本人自己开始写书种药,但在医药模式上,很长时间依然延续着鉴真在世时的样子,可以说鉴真对日本的医药起源和发展做出了巨大的贡献。

This paper analysed the development of medicine in Asuka,Nara and Heian periods in Japan before Jianzhen’s eastward journey,it was concluded that the Asuka era was the age of mythological medicine in which the natural sacrifices to the gods;During the Nara period,there were close exchanges with China,and further envoys were sent to China directly to study and exchange in Sui and Tang dynasties.However,Japan’s imperial court was chaotic,and the understanding of medicine was still limited.During its most difficult times,master Jianzhen,who was proficient in buddhist precepts and Chinese medicine knowledge and techniques,had a great and timely impact on Japan’s stability of the country and medical development at that time.When Jianzhen was in Japan,he unreservedly taught the advanced medical technology of the Sui and Tang dynasties at the time,which made the Japanese medicine advance by leaps and bounds at that time.Even after Jianzhen’s death,when it was in the Heian period,the Japanese began to write books and grow medicines themselves,but in terms of the medical model,for a long time,it continued to be the same for a long tie as that when Jianzhen was alive.It is said that Jianzhen has made great contributions to the origin and development of medicine in Japan.