山东抗日根据地的“按家计划”与劳动互助运动

“Plan by Family”and Mutual Labor Movement in Shandong Anti-Japanese Base

全面抗战时期,因为日、伪军与国民党政府的掠夺,中国共产党领导的山东抗日根据地农业生产面临严重危机。特别是1941年之后,山东抗日根据地的劳动力、牲畜与农具都出现短缺,在经济发展受到严重影响的同时,当地农民的生产与革命积极性也遭遇挫败。为激活生产,破解困局,中国共产党领导山东抗日根据地,推行“按家计划”,在进行广泛的宣传与思想动员的前提下,通过组织规划和典型示范等举措,将农民组织起来,开展劳动合作,在互助中提高大家的劳动积极性,提高劳动效率,不仅使农业产量得到提高,农民生活得到改善,而且激发了生产热情,支援了抗日战争,并在这个过程中锤炼了根据地军民应对困难、坚持斗争的勇气和意志,从而成为延安精神的另一个样本。其劳动互助的相关经验,也为新中国成立后的农业合作化运动提供了重要借鉴。

In the period of Anti-Japanese War,the agricultural production in Shandong anti-Japanese base led by the Communist Party of China faced a serious crisis because of the plunder of the Japanese,puppet troops and the Kuomintang government.Especially after 1941,there was a shortage of labor,livestock and farm tools in Shandong anti-Japanese base.While the economic development was seriously affected,the production and revolutionary enthusiasm of local farmers were also frustrated.In order to activate production and overcome difficulties,the CPC led Shandong anti-Japanese base and carried out“Plan by Family”.On the premise of extensive publicity and ideological mobilization,and through such measures as organizational plan,typical demonstration,farmers were organized to launch labor cooperation,everyone’s enthusiasm for labor was improved in mutual assistance,and labor efficiency was increased,which not only improved agricultural output and farmers’lives,but also stimulated enthusiasm for production and supported the Anti-Japanese War.In this process,the soldiers’and civilians’courage and will to cope with difficulties and to persevere in struggle were tempered,thus becoming another example of the Yan’an spirit.The relevant experience of mutual assistance of labor also provided an important reference for the agricultural cooperative movement after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.