核桃深加工设备及方法现状研究

Research on Equipment and Method of Walnut Deep Processing

核桃破壳是核桃加工生产中的重要环节,目前以人力手工破壳为主,效率低且人工破壳方法极易造成核桃仁不卫生。同时,核桃破壳技术不成熟,虽有一些破壳设备,但是由于碎仁率高、成本高等因素导致核桃破壳取仁效率低下,所以并未在市场上大规模推广使用,如何提升核桃机械化深加工水平是我国核桃产业亟待解决的问题。基于此,笔者从农渔业产品的定向输送设备、坚果类作物在破壳前的预处理、核桃破壳设备的研究现状三个方面切入,重点阐述了国内外有关核桃深加工方法及装备的研究成果,分析了几种市面上典型的核桃破壳设备的结构特点及工作原理,通过理论分析及动力学仿真得出核桃定向输送在理论上是可行的,并在此工序的基础上增加切割划口预处理,可以为后续核桃破壳加工提供新思路和新方法,对提升核桃经济附加值、增加当地种植户的收入及促进核桃深加工产业化发展具有十分重要的作用。

Walnut breaking is an important link in walnut processing and production. At present, manual breaking is the main method, which is inefficient and easy to cause the problem of unsanitary walnut kernel. At the same time, the technology of walnut shell breaking is not mature. Although there are some shell breaking equipment, the efficiency of walnut shell breaking and kernel extracting is still very low due to the high rate of kernel breaking and high cost, so it has not been widely used in the market. How to improve the level of walnut mechanized deep processing is an important problem to be solved in China’s walnut production industry. Based on this, the author focuses on the research results of walnut deep processing methods and equipment at home and abroad from the three aspects: directional transportation equipment for agricultural and fishery products, pretreatment of nut crops before shell breaking, and the research status of walnut shell breaking equipment, and analyzes the structural characteristics and working principles of several typical walnut shell breaking equipment on the market. Through theoretical analysis and dynamic simulation, it is concluded that the directional transportation of walnut is feasible in theory, and on the basis of this process, the addition of cutting and scoring pretreatment can provide new ideas and methods for subsequent walnut shell breaking processing,which plays a very important role in improving the economic added value of walnut, increasing the income of local growers and promoting the industrialization of walnut deep processing.