大都市边缘区乡村绅士化的发展特征及机制差异研究——以南京市黄龙岘村和苏家理想村为例

Differences of Development Characteristics and Mechanism of Rural Gentrification in Metropolitan Fringe Areas:Huanglongxian Village and Sujia Village as Examples

文章以南京市江宁区黄龙岘村和苏家理想村为研究区,基于实地勘探和深度访谈对这两个大都市边缘区村庄的乡村绅士化发展特征和机制进行对比分析。研究发现,乡村绅士化的发展特征主要表现为乡村人口构成转变、乡村住房构成替换、乡村空间景观重构以及乡村经济文化变化。乡村绅士化进程由政府、企业和绅士群体三方共同推动。黄龙岘村和苏家理想村的乡村绅士化发展特征和机制存在差异。尽管两个村均由政府引导下的资本下乡所推动,但在人口替换程度、乡村住房功能和风格、乡村景观特色和乡村经济文化的发展方向上均存在差异。在黄龙岘村,政府搭建发展平台,引导村民发展乡村旅游业,原住民成为绅士化主体;而在苏家理想村,企业为从事相关业态投资的绅士群体搭建平台,外来绅士群体取代原有居民成为建设主体。研究旨在深入认识和理解乡村社区多元化的绅士化进程,为推动乡村发展转型提供路径参考。

This paper takes Huanglongxian village and Sujia village in Jiangning district of Nanjing as the research area,and makes a comparative analysis regarding the characteristics and mechanism of rural gentrification of villages in the fringe areas of metropolises,based on field trip and in-depth interview.The findings show that the development characteristics of rural gentrification are mainly manifested in four aspects:the transformation of population structure,the replacement of rural housing,the reconstruction of rural landscape and the change of rural economy and culture.In addition,the rural gentrification is a driving result of the government,enterprise and the gentry group.Nevertheless,there are differences in the development characteristics and mechanisms of rural gentrification between the two villages.Although both villages are driven by government-led capital,they differ in the degree of population replacement,the function and style of rural housing,the characteristics of rural landscapes,and the development direction of rural economy and culture.In Huanglongxian village,government built a platform to guide the villagers to develop rural tourism,and the local villages become the main actors to participate in the gentrification process;whereas,in Sujia village,the companies built a platform for the gentry group who engaged in related business investment,and those gentry group replaced the original one.The purpose of this paper is to understand the process of gentrification in rural communities and to provide a path for improving the transformation of rural development.