2020年陕西省人间布鲁氏菌病引起突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征及疫情处置

Epidemiological characteristics and handling of public health emergencies caused by human brucellosis in ShaanxiProvincein 2020

目的分析陕西省2020年人间布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)引起的突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为陕西省人间布病防控工作提供科学依据。方法对陕西省2020年人间布病引起的突发公共卫生事件进行描述性流行病学分析,并探讨疫情处置情况。结果2020年陕西省共报告13起人间布病引起的突发公共卫生事件,陕北地区报告3起,关中地区报告10起,涉及65例人间布病确诊病例。性别分布:男性47例,女性18例;职业分布:农民35例,养殖人员13例,学生8例,散居儿童6例,工人2例,幼托儿童1例;年龄分布:发病年龄主要集中在50~69岁年龄段(30例);时间分布:13起事件发生时间集中在4-8月份,高峰期为5月份;感染途径:11起事件由职业接触感染,1起事件由饮生羊奶感染,1起事件由接触被病羊感染的放养犬只感染。13起事件均得到及时有效处置,包括事件上报、流行病学调查、高危人群筛查、病原学培养、畜间疫情处置、消毒及宣传教育等。结论陕西省陕北地区老疫区和关中地区新疫区布病疫情活跃,应根据疫情流行病学特征制定有针对性的防控措施,做好人间布病精准化防控工作。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies caused by human brucellosis in Shaanxi Province in 2020,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of human brucellosis in Shaanxi Province.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of public health emergencies caused by human brucellosis in Shaanxi Province in 2020 was carried out,and the handling of the epidemic was s tudied.ResultsA total of 13 public health emergencies caused by human brucellosis were reported in Shaanxi Province in 2020,3 in northern Shaanxi,10 in Guanzhong area,involving 65 confirmed cases of human brucellosis.Gender distribution:47 males and 18 females;occupational distribution:35 farmers,13 breeders,8 students,6 scattered children,2 workers,and 1 child in kindergarten;age distribution:the age of onset was mainly 50 to 69 years old(30 cases);time distribution:13 public health emergencies occurred in April to August,with the peak in May;route of infection:1l cases were infected by occupational exposure,1 case was infected by drinking raw goat milk,and 1 case was infected by contacting the dogs infected by sick sheep.And 13 public health emergencies were handled in a timely and effective manner,including incident reporting,epidemiological investigation,high-risk population screening,pathogen cultivation,animal epidemic disposal,disinfection,publicity and education,etc.Conclusion The brucellosis epidemic is active in the old epidemic areas in northern Shaanxi and the new epidemic areas in Guanzhong area,Shaanxi Province,and targeted prevention and control measures should be formulated according to the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic to ensure accurate prevention and control of human brucellosis.