增温、光照时间和氮添加对蒙古栎主要物候期的影响

Effects of warming,photoperiod,and nitrogen addition on the main phenological phases of Quercus mongolica

利用大型人工气候室模拟研究增温(对照、增温1.5℃、增温2.0℃)、光照时间(10、14、18 h)和氮添加(0、5、10、20 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1))对东北地区蒙古栎主要物候期的影响。结果表明:增温1.5和2.0℃使芽膨大期显著提前,完全变色期显著推迟,生长期延长,且延长天数随增温幅度的增大而增加。光照时间显著影响秋季物候(叶黄始期、叶黄普期、完全变色期),与光照14 h相比,短光照(10 h)使叶黄始期显著推迟7.0 d,生长盛期相对延长。氮添加使芽膨大期、芽开放期、展叶始期、展叶盛期均显著提前,完全变色期仅在高氮水平(20 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1))下显著推迟9.5 d,表明高氮添加使蒙古栎生长期延长。增温和高氮添加(20 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1))协同作用显著推迟完全变色期,导致叶黄期延长。增温和短光照协同作用、氮添加和短光照协同作用以及增温、氮添加和短光照协同作用均使叶黄始期显著推迟,生长盛期相对延长。

With a large artificial climate chamber,we examined the effects of warming(control,+1.5℃,+2.0℃),photoperiod(10,14,18 h)and nitrogen addition(0,5,10,20 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1))on the main phenological phases of Quercus mongolica in Northeast China.The results showed that 1.5 and 2.0℃warming significantly advanced the bud swelling stage and delayed the leaf fully coloring stage,which prolonged the growing season.The extended days increased with the increases of warming range.Photoperiod significantly affected autumn phenology(leaf coloration onset stage,leaf coloration in general stage,leaf fully coloring stage).Compared with photoperiod of 14 h,short photoperiod(10 h)significantly delayed leaf coloration onset stage by 7.0 d,and prolonged the peak of growth season.Nitrogen addition significantly advanced the bud swelling stage,bud opening stage,first leaf unfolding stage and full leaf unfolding stage.The leaf fully coloring stage was significantly delayed by 9.5 d only at the high nitrogen level of 20 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1),indicating that high nitrogen addition prolonged the growing season of Q.mongolica.The synergistic effects of warming and high nitrogen addition(20 g N·m^(-2)·a^(-1))significantly delayed the leaf fully coloring stage,which prolonged leaf coloration stage,and the synergistic effects of warming and short photoperiod,the synergistic effects of nitrogen addition and short photoperiod.The synergistic effects of warming,nitrogen addition and short photoperiod all significantly delayed the leaf coloration onset stage,which relatively prolonged the peak of growing season.