小胶质细胞调控自主神经功能参与神经源性高血压的研究进展——中枢免疫细胞的非免疫功能

Microglia contribute to the autonomic function and participate in neurogenic hypertension: non-immune function of central immune cells

高血压是心血管疾病最主要的危险因素,影响全球近三分之一的成年人.研究表明,免疫激活在高血压进展中高度参与,且与终末器官损害密切相关.除了免疫系统,自主神经系统,尤其是交感神经系统,是维持机体内稳态的最保守的系统之一.高血压患者的免疫和交感神经活动同时增加,提示这两个系统在疾病的发展过程中具有协同作用.小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中的主要免疫细胞,参与交感神经张力的调节.既往的研究指出小鼠模型中小胶质细胞的缺失改变了神经炎症以及高血压的进程.本文综述了近年小胶质细胞在稳态和疾病状态下发生发展以及功能的研究进展.在此基础上,综述了高血压状态下自主神经系统与外周免疫的相互作用.小胶质细胞通过调节交感神经活动在高血压病中桥接中枢和外周炎症,对未来探索高血压及相关心血管疾病提供新的治疗角度.

Hypertension is also called silent killer,which attacks over 30%of adult population in the world.Studies have shown that immune activation is highly involved in the whole process of hypertension and is closely associated with end-organ damage.In addition to the immune system,the autonomic nervous system,especially the sympathetic nervous system,is one of the most conservative systems that maintain homeostasis in the body.The simulation in both immune and sympathetic nervous activity in the hypertensive suggests a synergistic role of these two systems in the progression of this disease.Microglia are the main immune cells in the central nervous system and are involved in the regulation of sympathetic tension.Previous studies have shown that the loss of microglia in mouse models alters the course of neuroinflammation and hypertension.This review summarizes the progress in the development and function of microglia in both homeostasis and disease.On this basis,the interaction between autonomic nervous system and peripheral immunity in hypertension was reviewed.Microglia bridge central and peripheral inflammation in hypertension by regulating sympathetic nerve activity,providing a new therapeutic perspective for hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases in the future.