染色体黏合蛋白功能的多样性

Functional diversity of chromosome cohesion proteins

染色体黏合是细胞分裂过程中由一环状蛋白复合物黏合素(cohesin)将染色体单体聚合在一起的细胞生物学过程,确保了染色体在后期的精确分离.除了黏合素,还有许多辅助因子共同参与组成染色体黏合蛋白家族,在染色体黏合的建立、维持及解离过程中发挥重要功能.此外,该家族蛋白还参与调控DNA损伤修复、基因表达以及染色质高级结构形成等事件.虽然染色体黏合蛋白的功能和调控机制在有丝分裂中得到了比较深入的研究,但其在减数分裂,特别是第一次减数分裂中的作用及机制还不完全明确.本文对染色体黏合蛋白在各种生物学事件中的功能进行了概述,尤其阐释了它们在生殖细胞减数分裂中的非经典作用,并探讨了该领域未来的发展方向.

Chromosome cohesion is a cellular process in which sister chromatids are held together by a ring-shaped complex cohesin during cell division.Cohesin and its accessory factors consist of chromosome cohesion family proteins that play pivotal roles in cohesion establishment,maintenance,and dissolution.Also,cohesion proteins are involved in DNA damage repair,gene expression,and highorder chromatin organization.To date,the mitotic functions and regulatory mechanisms of chromosome proteins have been extensively studied;however,during meiosis,they are not yet fully understood,especially during the meiosis I stage.In this review,we summarize the diverse functions of chromosome cohesion proteins in various biological events.In particular,during germ cell meiosis,we elucidate their non-canonical roles and discuss the future avenues for research in this field.