类案判断的方法论

On the Methodology of the Like Case Judgement

法官判断类案需要有用作判断的方法论:步骤化的思维路径、综合性的标准与立基于实质内容的形式化方法。类案判断的方法论融合了鉴定式案例研究方法与案例推理方法。在区分案例类型的基础上,从法律争点出发,在待决案件与案例之间反复判断,最终在两案相似的前提下,法官将类案判断的结论适用于待决案件。有机组合法律争点、法律要件、关键事实以及法律关系框架,形成综合的类案判断标准。同时,法官类比案例事实,检验对比事实与法律争点之间的相关性,提供作出判断的实质理由,明确要点事实权重,完成比例与权重的综合判断。最后,进行反向排除检验,确定实质理由是否符合相关性要求,完成类案判断。

Judges need to use the methodology for judging like cases:stepwise rules of thinking,comprehensive standards and formal approaches to substantive contents.The methodology of the like case judgement combines the appraisal case study method with the case reasoning method.On the basis of distinguishing the types of cases,starting from the legal points,judging the pending cases and the precedents repeatedly,judges can finally apply the conclusion of judging the like cases to the pending cases on the premise of meeting the similarity.By synthesizing legal disputes,legal elements,key facts and the framework of legal relations,the criteria for judging class cases are formed.At the same time,judges are limited by personal cognition and knowledge framework.The case facts are analogized to provide substantive reasons,clarifying the weight of facts,and realizing the comprehensive judgment of proportion and weight on the premise of the correlation test.Finally,the reverse exclusion tests whether the substantive reason meets the relevant requirements,and completes the class judgment.