我国绿色产品认证标识法律制度的路径探析

On the Construction of the Legal System of China’s Green Production Certification

我国绿色产品认证标识制度框架已初步形成。作为一项法律制度,绿色产品标识及认证中形成了两组法律关系:一是就产品认可认证,在行政主体、认证机构与申请人之间构成公私混合的规制关系;二是就绿色产品标识授权使用,在上述法律关系主体间构成的商业许可关系。两组法律关系的搭建,形成了我国绿色产品认证标识制度的基本格局。制度的具体完善路径是将现行同类环保产品认证标识纳入绿色产品标识与绿色属性产品标识的二元框架内,或吸收,或拆解,或由市场逐步淘汰,最终形成统一的绿色产品认证标识体系。在制度构建过程中,对第三方认证机构的规制成为制度有效运行的关键。参考域外经验,我国应当通过强化认证机构的独立性,平衡认证机构与申请人之间的制约关系,以及通过加强行政监管与社会监督,防止认证权力寻租,充分发挥绿色产品认证标识制度的实践效果。

The framework of China green product certification has already been set up.As a legal system,there are two legal relationships in green product certification:firstly,as far as product accreditation and certification,a mixed public-private relationship of social regulation is formed among the administrative body,the certification body and the applicant;secondly,in terms of authorized use of green product,the commercial licensing relationship has been formed between the subjects of the abovementioned legal relations.The establishment of two sets of legal relations has formed the basic pattern of green product attestation in China.The concrete path of institution construction is to bring certification mark for current environmental protection products of the same kind into the dual framework of green product and green attribute product identification,then finally forms the unified green product certification system,either by means of absorbing,disassembling,or phasing out by the market.Regulation of thirdparty certification bodies is the key to the effective operation of the system in the process of institutionbuilding.Referring to foreign experience,the independence of certification bodies should be strengthened in order to balance restrictive relationship with the applicant.Administrative supervision and social supervision should be strengthened in order to to achieve prevention of corruption by certification authority.