政府数据授权运营法律问题探析

An Analysis on Legal Issues of Government Data Authorization and Operation

政府数据授权运营的一种定义是指为提高政府数据社会化开发利用水平,基于安全可控原则,允许政府授权可信市场主体主要将有条件开放类的政府数据挖掘开发成为数据产品和数据服务后有偿提供给社会使用的市场化行为。它是继政府信息公开、政府数据开放后,持续推进政府数据开发利用的一种新的政府数据对外流通方式。政府数据授权运营是政府数据开放的一种有益补充,属于政府与社会资本合作的PPP模式之一。从制度内容看,需要基于安全可控原则,不仅应强调运营方选择的市场竞争性和获取合理收益的正当性,而且应强调政府方的全过程监管、授权运营范围限定和流程规范等。从制度体系来看,需要将之融入政府数据治理整体制度建构中,并作为一重要组成部分进行原则性规定,辅之以专门制度,聚焦授权运营和数据产品及服务市场化两个关键环节提供具体规范。

Government data authorization and operation can be defined as an act to allow the government to authorize credible market entities to reveal conditionally opened government data and then develop it into data products and data services and then provide them to the society for paid use on the basis of the principle of security and controllability, in order to improve the level of social development and utilization of government data. It is a new way of government data circulation, which continuously promotes government data development and utilization after government information publicity and government data opening. Government data authorization and operation is a beneficial supplement to government data opening and belongs to one of the PPP modes of cooperation between the government and social capital. In the future, on the basis of the principle of safety and controllability, it is necessary to emphasize not only the market competitiveness chosen by the operator and the legitimacy of obtaining reasonable profits, but also the whole-process supervision, authorized operation scope limitation, and process standardization by the government. From the perspective of system construction, it needs to be integrated into the overall system construction of government data governance and taken as an important part of the principle of regulation, supplemented by special systems and focusing on the two key links, i.e. authorized operation and the marketization of data products and services, to provide specific norms.