论康德的儿童教育思想及其现代启示

Research on Kant's Ideology of Children's Education and Its Enlightenment

家庭教育的随意性所带来的危害是有目共睹的,由教育部联合推出的“家校共育立德树人——家庭教育公开课”引发我们进一步思考有关儿童教育的本质问题。康德曾提出基于规训的自然教育和基于准则的道德培养,是与家庭教育公开课的主旨相一致的,对现代教育有一定的借鉴意义。就康德在《论教育学》中一再提及的三对术语作了分析与比较:批评了随意性的教育,并同时指出目的性教育既可以是否定的又可以是肯定的,前者为的是在规训中远离动物的野性,而后者则是通过培养以达成人的理性。康德一再告诫我们,培养孩子一定要顺应自然,但最终目的是要养成道德性。

The damage of ubiquitous casualness in family education is obvious,which requests the entire country to deal with it cautiously.In recent years,the Ministry of Education has jointly launched the“Home and School Education-Open Classes on Family Education”,which is a real solution to this pressing problem.After listening to the class carefully,deeper insights into nature of children's education were aroused and to this end,it traced back to Kant's ideas on children's education.Kant'stated that natural education and moral cultivation should respectively be based on discipline and standards,which is in accordance with the main thrust of the open course on Home Education and helpful for contemporary education.Three pairs of terms,repeatedly mentioned by Kant in On Pedagogy,are analyzed and compared in the paper.Casual education is first criticized.Then,it shows that purposive education can be both positive and negative.The positive is to cultivate and construct people's reason while the negative is to force people to get away from the wildness of animals by discipline.Hence,Kant emphasized that educating children must follow the natural rules but cultivating morality is the ultimate purpose.