反不正当竞争法中竞争关系认定的反思与重构——以数字经济背景下的平台竞争关系为切入点

Reflection and Reconstruction of Competition Relation Identification in Anti-Unfair Competition Law--Take the Platform Competition Relationship under the Background of Digital Economy as the Entry Point

为了应对数字经济带来的挑战,必须突破竞争关系对行为认定和法律适用的束缚,厘清竞争关系和竞争行为间的逻辑关系。重新审视竞争关系在反不正当竞争法上的定位,就实体层面而言,竞争关系可作为恶意、损害程度等责任构成要件的参考因素;在程序方面,竞争关系是判断原告是否适格的构成要件,但并非唯一要件,需同时考量“损害”等补强因素。此外,有必要在数字经济背景下重构竞争关系的认定规则,确立从宽、动态认定的原则和以“不正当获取或破坏他人竞争优势”为中心的认定标准,且划定广义竞争关系的认定界限,以厘定公权介入和市场自由竞争的范围。

In order to cope with the challenges brought by digital economy,we must break through the constraints of competition relations on behavior identification and legal application,and clarify the logical relationship between competition relations and competitive behavior.Re-examine the significance of competition relationship in anti-unfair competition law.In terms of entity level,competition relationship can be used as a reference factor of liability constitutive elements such as malice and damage degree.In terms of procedure,competition is the constituent element to judge the suitability of the plaintiff,but it is not the only one.It is necessary to consider the reinforcement factors such as"damage".In addition,it is necessary to reconstruct the recognition rules of competition relations under the background of digital economy,establish the principle of generous and dynamic recognition and the identification standard centering on"improperly obtaining or destroying others'competitive advantages",and delineate the identification boundary of broad competition relations to determine the scope of public power intervention and free market competition.