基于景观都市主义的三峡库区城镇江岸治理提升策略

Regeneration and Improvement Strategies of Urban Riverbank in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on Landscape Urbanism

三峡库区城镇江岸是在拆建改建基础上形成,空间条件受限,历史遗留问题多,并受到峡江坡岸地形条件和水位大幅度消落变化的影响,治理提升难度极大。本文在认识三峡库区城镇江岸特点和面临挑战的基础上,分析工程化治理提升存在的问题,引入景观都市主义的理论和方法,并基于景观的整体性思维和过程性方法,提出强化江-城联系、注重系统优化、加强建设协同的综合治理策略,以及与水共处的防洪排涝策略、结合自然的生态修复策略、动态适应的空间利用策略和注重体验的场所营造策略。

The construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir has reshaped the spatial pattern and landscape of the cities and towns in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.With the change of hydrological conditions in the reservoir area,the riverside space of the cities and towns in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,which is located at the junction of land and water,has been redefined.At the same time,in the process of resettlement and subsequent urban construction of the Three Gorges Project,a series of water conservancy,transportation,municipal,geological disaster prevention and control projects have been built along the river bank to deal with the security threats such as floods and geological disasters,and maintain the integrity of urban transportation,municipal infrastructure and other systems.Engineering reconstruction does not only reshape the urban riverside space,but also brings about problems such as ecological degradation,cultural disappearance,space division,and decline in vitality.Under the background of ecological civilization,how to innovate ideas and methods to comprehensively regenerate and systematically upgrade the urban riverbanks in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is a problem that needs to be solved.The urban riverbank of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is the slope bank of the mountainous region,the riverbank formed by the reconstruction of the immigrants,the riverbank with seasonal changes and significant fluctuations in water level,and the river bank with multiple urban functions.This paper analyzes the challenges brought by topographic conditions,flood disasters,historical town construction and other factors to the regeneration of the riverbank of the cities and towns in the reservoir area,and criticizes the impact of the idea of engineering reconstruction on the ecological environment,urban landscape,historical and cultural heritage protection and urban vitality.In view of the deficiencies in the objectives,strategies,actions and other aspects of the urban riverbank upgrading in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,and drawing on the theory and methods of landscape urbanism,this paper proposes that the urban riverbank upgrading in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area should shift from the“project reconstruction paradigm”to the“landscape regeneration paradigm”,and proposes the regeneration and upgrading strategies based on landscape urbanism.Landscape urbanism believes that landscape is the overall spatial form including various spatial elements such as buildings,roads,greening,public facilities,infrastructure and open space,and is the carrier of urban functions and urban life.Based on the holistic thinking of landscape,the article proposes that in the process of upgrading the riverside of the cities and towns in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,various construction needs should be coordinated,the construction goals should be reasonably determined,the entire waterfront space including river surface,river beach,riverside and riverside space should be planned and designed in an integrated way,and various water conservancy,transportation,municipal infrastructure and urban public space should be arranged in a unified way within the limited space to reduce the cutting of linear projects on the relationship between the river and the city.Also,learning from the traditional urban construction mode,it reconstructs the spatial pattern of towns along the river,and strengthens the functional linkage and landscape connection.At the same time,in the construction and management link,it is necessary to balance the water and the shore,give consideration to the ideal and reality,and pay attention to the coordination,comprehensive treatment,phased implementation and gradual improvement.The landscape urbanism regards the landscape as an ecosystem,emphasizes the dynamic characteristics of temporal and spatial changes,and as an operation mode,uses the change process to exercise the landscape function and solve urban problems.Based on the process of landscape,the paper proposes four strategies.In terms of flood control and waterlogging drainage,cities and towns should turn from being enemies of water to coexistence with flood,adopt both engineering measures and non engineering measures,take into account the rigidity of safety standards,the elasticity of space utilization and the resilience of urban operation,build a flood control and waterlogging drainage system suiTab.for the characteristics of cities and towns,and improve the ability of cities and towns to comprehensively deal with flood and waterlogging disasters.In terms of ecological restoration,it is necessary to retain the process of natural succession and survival,and at the same time,through appropriate manual intervention and prudent development and construction,it should build a natural artificial complex to promote the formation of good urban ecology.In terms of space utilization,it can be dynamically adapted to the periodic change of water level in the reservoir area,and appropriately use the water fluctuation zone and flood discharge space of the reservoir according to the principle of“water entering and people retreating,water retreating and people entering”.In terms of landscape shaping,dynamic landscape should be shaped in combination with water level changes,and people’s experiences should be emphasized to create an attractive place.