娄底地区传统民居生态营建智慧及其应用

Ecological Construction Wisdom of Traditional Dwellings in Loudi Area and Its Application

娄底地区传统民居是适应地区自然和人文环境的历史产物,体现了地域居住文化特点,尤其在生态营建智慧和文化精神等方面的时空特色明显,是地区文化的物质载体和重要的文化遗产。以娄底地区传统民居实地调研为基础,采用田野调查法和综合比较分析法,从地形地貌、气候、材料、文化四个方面系统而全面地分析了娄底地区传统民居的生态营建智慧。结果表明:娄底地区传统民居能够适应该地区复杂多变的地形地貌;娄底地区传统民居在屋顶、墙体、天井、采光、遮阳等方面具有丰富的生态经验;娄底地区传统民居最大化地发挥了本土材料的优势,在建筑选材时遵循的是“就地取材,因地制宜”的原则;娄底地区优秀的区域文化影响着传统民居的发展,也造就了独特的地域特色。结合现代绿色建筑设计理念,提出地域新民居设计原则,并尝试从形的传承、色的借鉴、技术与经济适宜三个方面,探索适应地区资源环境的传统民居更新模式。对于娄底地区传统民居生态营建智慧的研究,既是实现乡村振兴、提升人居环境的重要途径,也是保护和传承优秀农耕文明的重要手段,从而为该地区乡村振兴背景下的村庄规划和民居建设提供依据和借鉴。

The traditional dwellings in Loudi area,adapted to the local natural and cultural environment,reflect the characteristics of regional housing culture,especially the distinctive temporal and spatial characteristics in the aspects of ecological construction wisdom and cultural spirit.They are the material carrier of regional culture and important cultural heritage.Based on the field research of traditional dwellings in Loudi area,the field survey method and comprehensive comparative analysis method are used to systematically and comprehensively analyze the ecological construction wisdom of traditional dwellings in Loudi area from four aspects:topography,climate,material and culture.The results show that the traditional dwellings in Loudi area,adapted to the complex and varied terrain,present local people's rich ecological experiences in dealing with roof,wall,patio,daylighting and shading etc.They maximize the advantages of local materials,following the principle of“drawing on local materials and adapting to local conditions”in the selection of building materials.The excellent regional culture in Loudi area not only affects the development of traditional dwellings,but also creates unique regional characteristics.Combined with the design philosophy of modern green architecture,this paper puts forward the design principles of new regional dwellings,and tries to explore the renewal mode of traditional dwellings suitable for regional resources and environment from three aspects:the inheritance of shape,the reference of color,and the suitability of technology and economy.The study of ecological construction wisdom of traditional dwellings in Loudi area is conducive to the realization of rural revitalization,the improvement of human living environment,and the protection and inheritance of excellent farming civilization so as to provide a basis and references for village planning and dwelling construction in the context of rural revitalization in the area.