乡村幼儿园保育员职业发展困境与应对——基于24名乡村保育员访谈的质性研究

On Dilemma and Countermeasures of the Career Development of Rural Kindergarten Child-care Workers——A Qualitative Study Based on the Interviews of 24 Rural Kindergarten Child-care Workers

乡村幼儿园保育员是乡村学前教育师资队伍的重要构成,对于乡村幼儿园保教质量提升具有重要意义。本研究通过对24名乡村保育员访谈的质性分析,发现乡村保育员在职业发展中经历角色冲突、待遇失衡、人际边缘、专业匮乏和前景黯淡等困境。面对这些困境,保育员通常在认知和行为上采取相似或相异的策略,且多为消极应对。经历职业发展困境后,保育员的职业认同和从业意愿双重减退,也加剧了社会对保育员职业的认知偏差。在对个人职业素养、家庭分工观念、园长保育理念、职业社会地位、乡村资源配置等方面归因基础上,提出五点支持乡村保育员职业发展的策略。

Child-care workers in rural kindergartens are an important component of rural preschool education teachers,which make great significance for improving the quality of rural kindergartens.Based on the qualitative analysis of interviews of 24 rural childcare workers,this study found that rural child-care workers mainly experienced roles conflict,unbalanced treatment,edged interpersonal relationship,lack of professional ability and bleak career prospects.Faced with these dilemmas,child-care workers usually adopted similar or different strategies in cognition and behavior,and most of them responded negatively.Having experienced the dilemmas of career development,both professional identity and willingness of child-care workers were declining,which also aggravated the social cognitive deviation of child-care workers.Based on the attribution of personal professional ability,concept of traditional family division,childcare philosophy of kindergarten heads,professional social status and rural resource allocation.In order to help child-care workers cope with dilemmas and improve career development,five strategies are proposed.