田野与学徒

Fieldwork and Apprenticeship in Anthropology

成为田野里的学徒多年,通过聆听的多感官经验和勤于田野的行走与笔记书写,不仅是在为贵州东部雷公山脉与清水江支流上游的山地老村寨暗夜里进行的仪式与日常游方田野研究方法之困境寻找出口,同时也是内观与了悟人类学学徒在田野里经历的心境困顿、转折与成长。黔东南清水江边Hmub人歌师Sangt Jingb,为完成古歌的半世纪追寻,也有如复刻般出现在作者跟随古歌师傅学习古歌的时光,进一步放大至作者在田野与学徒历练的多年岁月。有如朱炳祥老师在《知识人》一书的探问:究竟人与知识学习是如何复杂地关联?知识人如何生长、存在与追寻?本文回返多年来在云贵高地村寨社会进行田野身体力行的觉察与主体经验,以己身为度,描述与阐述作为人类学学徒在田野里经历成长、存在与追寻的蛛丝马迹。

Working as an apprentice anthropologist in the field for years, I have gained multisensory experiences and have been actively taking field notes while engaging in fieldwork. In my observations of the nighttime rituals and institutional courtship practiced in old mountainous villages located in the Leigong Mountain range in east Guizhou and upstream of a Qingshui River tributary, I sought solutions to problems encountered in my fieldwork and also observed mindfully and delved into my own psychological predicaments, transition, and growth as an apprentice anthropologist. This paper describes the time when I learnt Hmub antique songs from Sangt Jingb, a Hmub(a subethnic group of Miao) song master who lived along Qingshui River in Qiandongnan and had been working on the documentation of antique songs for 50 years, and further expands this encounter to include my years of experience as an apprentice anthropologist in the field. Retthinkong the questions raised by Zhu Bingxiang in his book Intellectuals——“What are the complexities involved in people’s relationship with intellectual learning?” and “How do intellectuals grow, exist, and pursue knowledge?”, I looked back on my practices, observations, and subjective experiences during my years of fieldwork in the village-based society on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. From my own perspective, I portray in detail my experiences, growth, existence, and pursuit as an apprentice anthropologist in my fieldwork.