民间习惯司法适用的经验省思——基于青海省的实践

Reflections on the Experience of the Judicial Application of Folk Customs——Based on the Investigation of Local Practice in Qinghai Province

民间习惯的司法适用是政治性很强的业务工作,也是业务性很强的政治工作。基于青海省的实践表明,民间习惯的司法适用在司法事实认定、司法调解以及司法判决等工作方面发挥着积极作用;但同时在“制度层面”和“人的因素”上面临一定的问题。在“制度层面”上,民间习惯的司法适用缺乏健全的配套措施和共同的文化心理基础;在“人的因素”上,基层司法人员缺乏主动适用民间习惯的意识与能力。为更好完善民间习惯的司法适用条件,应从“制度层面”强化以司法解释、指导意见和指导性案例为主要内容的制度供给,同时从地方层面积极拓宽司法制度的建设路径;而在“人的因素”上要切实提高司法人员适用民间习惯的意识与能力,包括强化司法为民理念和重视民族地区基层司法专门队伍建设。对于多民族地区特殊的司法环境而言,还应当赋予民间习惯的司法适用以彰显铸牢中华民族共同体意识的意义。

The judicial application of folk customs is not only a highly political professional work, but also a highly professional political work. Taking Qinghai Province as an example, it shows that the judicial application of folk customs has played a positive role in judicial fact determination, judicial mediation and judicial judgment. But at the same time, it faces some difficulties in the “institutional level” and “human factors”: at the “institutional level”, the judicial application of folk customs lacks complete supporting measures and common cultural and psychological basis;in terms of “human factors”, grass-roots judicial personnel lack the awareness and ability to actively apply folk customs. Therefore, in order to improve the judicial application conditions of folk customs, we should strengthen the system supply with judicial interpretation, guiding opinions and guiding cases as the main content, and actively broaden the local construction path of the judicial system;in terms of “human factors”, we should effectively improve the awareness and ability of judicial personnel to apply folk customs, including strengthening the concept of justice for the people and paying attention to the construction of specialized judicial teams at the grass-roots level. For multi-ethnic regions, the judicial application of folk customs should also be given to highlight the significance of consolidating the snse of community for the Chinese nation.