淹水胁迫对夏黑葡萄生理特性和品质的影响

Effect of waterlogging stress on physiological characteristics and berry quality of Summer Black grape

为了解淹水胁迫对成龄葡萄生理和果实品质的影响,以5年生夏黑葡萄(Vitis vinifera×V.labrusca Summer Black)为试材,采用人工模拟淹水胁迫试验方法,在持续淹水0、5、10、15、20、25、30 d时,对新梢生长量、根系活力、成龄叶相对叶绿素含量、光合指标、叶绿素荧光参数以及果实品质进行测定。结果表明:淹水胁迫降低了夏黑葡萄根系活力和新梢生长量,淹水30 d分别比对照下降46.4%和80.5%;淹水胁迫降低了相对叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和最大光化学效率,淹水30 d分别比对照下降10.6%、32.9%、21.1%、15.8%和3.1%,增加了胞间CO_(2)浓度;淹水胁迫降低了果实可溶性固形物含量和可溶性糖含量,对果实大小和重量无显著影响,提高了果实的硬度,降低了果柄耐拉力,对果实品质和耐储性能有一定的不利影响。本试验结果为指导葡萄生产抗涝减灾提供科学依据。

To clarify the effects of waterlogging stress on the physiology and fruit quality of mature grape vines,we measured the growth of new shoots,root activity,relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of mature leaves,photosynthetic index,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and fruit quality of 5-year-old Summer Black grape under a simulated waterlogging stress with continuous flooding of 0,5,10,15,20,25,30 days.After 30 days of waterlogging,growth of new shoots,root activity,SPAD,Pn,Tr,Ci,and Fv/Fmwas decreased by 46.4%,80.5%,10.6%,32.9%,21.1%,15.8%,and 3.1%,respectively,whereas the intercellular CO_(2)concentration was increased.Waterlogging reduced soluble solid content and soluble sugar content of the fruit,but did not affect fruit size and weight.Waterlogging increased fruit hardness and decreased fruit stalk tensile force,thus reducing fruit quality and storage durability.Our results provide a scientific basis for guiding grape production to resist waterlogging and reduce disasters.