城市公园绿地格局与休闲潜力间的关系——以北京奥林匹克森林公园为例

Landscape pattern and the recreation potential of urban parks:The case of Beijing Olympic Forest Park

城市绿地健康效益的发挥是以休闲行为的发生为前提,休闲潜力作为绿地特征与观察者心理过程相互作用的产物,对休闲行为的发生起着重要作用。本文以北京奥林匹克森林公园为研究对象,基于遥感解译数据分析了公园11个重点景观单元区的格局特征;并以997位公园游客问卷调研数据为基础,从运动适宜度和景观美景度两方面对单元区的休闲潜力进行评价分析,并对单元区的综合休闲潜力进行了排序;同时探究了景观格局特征与休闲潜力间的关系。结果发现,一些景观格局指数可以作为辅助研判景观休闲潜力的特征指标,如落叶林面积、边界密度、斑块离散度、斑块形状复杂性与休闲潜力呈现不同程度的正相关性,而人工建筑面积和斑块均匀度则与休闲潜力指标呈负相关关系。景观区在运动适宜度和景观美景度指标排序中显示出类似的分级特征,体现了奥森公园景观区内部对赏景类和运动类休闲潜力的营造较均衡。本研究还探索了以分维休闲潜力指标推算综合休闲潜力的方法。本研究有助于理解绿地休闲服务产生的机理,也对城市绿地景观设计具有一定指导意义。

The health benefits of urban green space are based on the occurrence of recreation behaviors.Recreation potential,a product of the interaction between green space features and the observer’s psychological processes,plays an important role in the occurrence of recreation behaviors.We analyzed the landscape characteristics of 11 key park areas in Beijing Olympic Forest Park using remote sensing data.Based on the questionnaire survey of 997 visitors,we analyzed the recreation potential of the key park areas in terms of exercise suitability and scenic beauty,and ranked these areas using a combined recreation index integrating the two aspects.The relationship between landscape characteristics and recreation potential was explored.Our results showed that certain landscape indicators can potentially assist the study of recreation potential.For example,the area of deciduous forest,edge density,patch dispersion,and shape index showed different degrees of positive correlation with the recreation potential,while the area of man-made buildings and patch evenness negatively correlated with recreation potential.All the 11 key park areas showed similar graded characteristics in the ranking of exercise suitability and scenic beauty,reflecting a balanced creation of scenic-based and exercise-based recreation potentials.The study also investigated a combined recreation potential index with sub-dimensional aspects.Our study contributes to the understanding of the mechanism underlying the generation of recreation benefits in urban green space,and offers guiding implications for landscape design of urban green space.