兰州市新型冠状病毒肺炎定点医院医护人员职业紧张现状及相关因素影响

Factors associated with occupational stress among healthcare providers in COVID-19 designated hospitals in Lanzhou

目的 了解兰州市新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)定点医院医护人员职业紧张现状及相关影响因素,为医院制定COVID-19疫情期间医护人员的职业健康策略提供参考依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样方法,2021年12月对兰州市2所COVID-19定点医院的医护人员进行职业紧张和健康状况调查,采用多元线性回归分析健康状况的影响因素。结果 高职业紧张的医护人员占比为58.27%(514/882),其中本科学历、初级职称、工作5~<10年、护士、每周工作时间<40 h者职业紧张水平较高(χ^(2)=8.607、8.309、12.487、9.366、24.866,均P<0.05)。单因素分析发现,每周工作时间≥48 h、高职业紧张的医护人员在生理、心理及社会健康子量表得分较低(均P<0.05);多元线性回归分析结果显示,不同职业紧张水平对生理、心理及社会健康均有影响。结论 不同职业紧张水平、工作年限及每周工作时间对生理、心理及社会健康均有影响,建议合理安排工作时间,保护医护人员的身心健康。

Objective To understand the occupational stress of healthcare workers in COVID-19 designated hospitals in Lanzhou, and to discuss its related influencing factors in order to provide a reference for formulating occupational health strategies for frontline medical service providers in COVID-19 designated hospitals. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to randomly enroll healthcare workers in 2 COVID-19 designated hospitals in Lanzhou, and a self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted in December 2021.A multi-linear regression model was used to analyze factors associated with the occupational stress. Results The proportion of medical staff with high occupational stress was 58.27%(514/882). Among them, the level of occupational stress was higher in those with bachelor′s degree, primary professional title, 5-<10 years′ working experience, nurse and working hours less than 40 per week(χ~2=8.607, 8.309, 12.487, 9.366, 24.866,all P<0.05).Single factor analysis of SRHMS showed that medical staff with high occupational stress and working hours ≥48 h per week had lower scores in physical, psychological and social health subscale(all P<0.05). Multi-linear regression analysis showed that different levels of occupational stress affected the physical, psychological and social health. Conclusions Different levels of occupational stress, years of working and weekly working hours have influence on physical, psychological and social health.It is suggested to arrange working hours reasonably to guarantee the physical and mental health of medical staff.