日本老年教育的发展历程、典型模式及经验借鉴

Development Process,Typical Model and Experience of Japanese Elder Education

二战后,日本的老年教育在实施主体、办学形态、办学层次等方面呈多元化发展,目前已形成社区型、广域型、函授型、退休准备型等多种教育发展模式。日本的实践经验给予我国诸多启示:完善老年教育的相关法律法规,为老年教育提供更系统、更全面的指导性规定;实现政府主导、多元实施主体共存的格局,充分利用民间机构力量增强老年教育实力;根据不同需求,构建多层级、多样化的老年教育供给模式;将退休准备教育纳入终身教育或职业教育范畴,给予参与老年教育事业的企事业单位政策支持与援助,促使其建立规范的退休准备制度等。

After World War II,Japanese elder education has diversified in the aspects of implementation subject,school-running form,school-running level.At present,a variety of educational development models such as community type,wide-area type,correspondence type and retirement preparation type are formed.Japanese practical experience can give us many inspirations.First,it is necessary to improve the relevant laws and regulations of elderly education,and give more systematic and comprehensive guidance to elder education.Second,it is necessary to achieve government-led and multi-implementation subjects of coexistence pattern,and make full use of the power of private institutions to improve educational power for the elderly.Third,it is necessary to build a multi-level and diversified education supply model according to different needs for the elderly.Finally,it is necessary to incorporate retirement preparation education into the category of lifelong education or vocational education,and provide policy support and assistance for enterprises and institutions involved in elderly education,and promote the establishment of a standardized retirement preparation system.