教育法典化视角下教育法律行为概念的界定与澄清

On the Concept of Educational Legal Act in the Perspective of Education Codification

“教育(法律)行为”概念的引入有利于促进教育法的体系化与法典化、整合各类教育法上的行为,并弥补现有概念工具的不足。然而,学界对教育行为、教育法律行为的具体内涵及其相互关系仍缺乏深入讨论。其一,教育行为概念的用法存在广义与狭义的区别;其二,教育法律行为概念的界定系由传统法理学上的法律行为转变而来,过于简单,难以揭示各类教育行为的共同本质,难以承担建构教育法内在体系的功能,也难以彰显教育法的独特价值追求。为构建具有普适性的教育法行为概念,应将教育行为界定为与教育有关的一切活动,包括教育法律行为与教育事实行为。对于教育法律行为来说,“直接产生法律效果”是其法律本质,“促进人的全面发展(教育性)”则是其根本目标。因此,可以将教育法律行为界定为:教育法律规范调整的,法律主体基于教育性目的所作出的直接产生法律效果的行为。

The introduction of the concept of"educational(legal)act"is conducive to the systematization and codification of education law,the integration of various types of educational legal act,and the remedy for the inadequacy of existing conceptual tools.However,there is still a lack of in-depth discussion on the specific connotation of educational act,educational legal act and their interrelationship.For one thing,there is a distinction between a broad and a narrow definition of the concept of educational act;for another,the definition of the concept of educational legal act has been transformed from the legal act in traditional jurisprudence,which is too simple to reveal the common essence of all kinds of educational act,to fulfill the function of constructing the inner system of education law,and to manifest the unique value pursuit of education law.In order to build a universal concept of educational legal act,educational act should be defined as all activities related to education,including educational legal act and educational factual act.For the educational legal act,the change of legal status through one's will is its essence,and the promotion of comprehensive human development is its spiritual goal.Therefore,educational legal act should be defined as the act of legal subject that directly produces legal effects based on educational purposes and regulated by the legal norms of education.