再一次的高校求学机会:当代德国“第三条教育路径”

Another Chance to Pursue Higher Education:The Contemporary"Third Educational Path"in Germany

类似于我国高职扩招模式,发端于工业革命后的德国“第三条教育路径”旨在为无前期学习经历或证明但具有充分职业工作经验和实践技能的求学者,开辟出“获得工作—积累经验—考核入学”的高等教育求学通路。该路径的产生是社会人口结构变化、科技生产力重心转移、政治更迭等元素在教育改革领域的投影,教育理念基础在于突出高等职业教育与普通高教在机会和地位上平等以践行教育民主化,并强调理论与实践的有机融合,其实施方法具有入学多元化、校企合作化、专业优质化、课程灵活化等特征。该路径的实施对于社会、教育改革和个人发展具有成效,同时在规模、均衡化和个体适应方面也面临挑战。对该路径的借鉴应当从提升师资和办学条件、优化培养模式、形成完备的制度结构等三方面着手。

Similar to the Chinese higher vocational enrollment model,the"third education path"in Germany,which originated after the industrial revolution,aims to open up another higher educational opportunity for workers who have no previous learning experience or certification but have sufficient professional work experience.The path contains the process of obtaining a job,accumulating experience,and applying for admission.The emergence of this path is a projection of the changes in the social demographic structure,the shift of scientific and technological productivity,and political changes in the educational field.Its educational concept is based on highlighting the equality of opportunity and status to realize education democratization,and emphasizing the organic integration of theory and practice.Its implementation has features of diversified ways of admission,schoolenterprise cooperation,high-quality majors,and a flexible curriculum.It is effective for social and educational reforms and personal development.At the same time,it also faces challenges in terms of scale,balance,and individual adaptation.It should be used for reference from three aspects to offer the ones who have not obtained a secondary school diploma a smooth path to higher education.