“阶层跨越”还是“阶层固化”--基于代际间经济、教育、社会地位流动的微观测度与比较分析

“Stratum Spanning”or“Stratum Solidification”--Micro measurement and comparative analysis based on intergenerational economic,educational and social status mobility

使用1988年、1995年、1999年、2002年、2007年和2013年中国家庭收入调查数据(CHIPS),从经济地位、教育背景、社会地位三个维度分析我国代际间阶层流动状况。研究发现:基于经济地位的代际流动性较强,趋于“阶层跨越”,但基于教育背景、社会地位的代际流动性较弱,趋于“阶层固化”。近年来,三者的流动性均出现减弱趋势。这表明,当前社会阶层之间的流动可能更多源于经济社会发展所创造的外在环境转变;相比于收入分配,社会不公平的根源可能更多来自于教育等涉及机会均等的领域。此结论在一定程度上可以为当前正在推进的教育“双减”政策提供部分支撑。未来在促进社会公平方面,相关公共政策应着重从基础教育等关乎初始机会均等的领域入手,尤其要注重惠及处于较低阶层的群体。

Using the data of China Household Income Survey(CHIPS)in 1988,1995,1999,2002,2007 and 2013,this paper analyzes the intergenerational mobility in China from three dimensions:economic status,educational background and social status.The research finds that the intergenerational mobility based on economic status is strong and tends to“stratum leap”,but the intergenerational mobility based on educational background and social status is weak and tends to“stratum solidification”.In recent years,the liquidity of the three has weakened.This shows that the current mobility between social classes may be more derived from the external environment changes created by economic and social development;Compared with income distribution,the root causes of social inequity may come from education and other fields involving equal opportunities.To some extent,this conclusion can provide some support for the current“double reduction”policy of education.In terms of promoting social equity in the future,relevant public policies should focus on basic education and other areas related to initial equality of opportunity,especially on benefiting the lower class.